Intercorrelation between Immunological Biomarkers and Job Stress Indicators among Female Nurses: A 9-Month Longitudinal Study

Some immunological biomarkers have been reported to be associated with job-related stress. This study was conducted to explore the intercorrelation between the psychosocial components of job stress and various immunological biomarkers among female nurses. To assess monthly and weekly job stress, 41 nurses have repeatedly completed questionnaires such as the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health General Job Stress Questionnaire, the profile of mood states short version and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale. Using flow cytometry and radioimmunoassay, the number of white blood cells, lymphocytic proliferation to mitogens, and toxoid were measured. Moreover, levels of hydrocortisol, interleukin-β, interferon-γ, and tumor necrosis factor-α and salivary immunoglobulin A were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. When the Pearson correlation coefficients between job stress and immunological biomarkers were estimated after adjusting for age and smoking status, "Clashes: conflict at work" was significantly related to the number of CD4 cells (r = 0.36, p-value <0.05), CD4 to CD8 ratio (0.35; <0.05), response to concanavalin A (0.42; <0.05), and phytohemagglutinin (0.35; <0.05). Additionally, the level of hydrocortisol was significantly related to seven psychosocial measures; i.e., role conflict (-0.47; <0.01), role ambiguity (-0.39; <0.05), clashes at work (-0.38; <0.05), control and influence at work (0.53; <0.01), task control (0.55; <0.001), resources at work (0.35; <0.05), and skill underutilization (0.43; <0.05). The results indicate that (1) the psychosocial job stress is associated with the levels of some immunological biomarkers in nurses; and in particular, (2) hydrocortisol shows a remarkable relationship with diverse job stress indicators.